BRAIN BASED SCIENCE
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Maria's Story

Maria Christina Torres
was born in Los Bordos, a slum in Ecatepec de Morelos, deemed one of the most dangerous cities in Mexico where at least 600 women have been murdered since 2012.  It is located just half-an- hour from the capital.  Much of Los Bordos has no running water or electricity, few schools, and fewer hospitals. Most young children attend primary school where only half of the students who begin primary education finish and 7 out 10 teens do not understand what they read or know how to multiply.  Only 62 percent reach secondary school of which 45 percent graduate in contrast to about 75 percent of U.S. students who graduate from high school on time with a regular diploma. The public education system remains one of the most arduous challenges that Mexico, the largest Spanish-speaking country in the world, faces. Mexico falls to last place in the Pisa report (Program for International Student Assessment) on education.
***
Maria was in the sixth grade when she emigrated from Mexico to the United States with her mother and younger sister. Maria’s parents were divorced, and she had little contact with her father. The Torres family moved in with Maria’s aunt, who had come to the United States from Mexico ten years earlier and lived in a two-bedroom apartment in rural western Texas. As a little girl in Mexico, Maria’s nickname had been Luna, which is the Spanish word for moon. She had dreamt of one day travelling into space and maybe even visiting the moon. 
Picture
Maria Christina Torres
​Interact with Maria in Chapter 3
"Making Instruction Accessible Through Culturally Responsive Teaching"
Understanding Maria Christina: A Student Profile for Educators
PictureMaria's hometown in Mexico.
Maria Christina Torres brings a unique and complex background to the classroom:
  • Born in Los Bordos, Ecatepec de Morelos, Mexico
  • Arrived in the United States during sixth grade
  • Lives with mother, younger sister, and aunt in rural western Texas
  • Limited contact with father following parents' divorce
  • Passionate about astronomy and space exploration

Educational Background
Maria's educational experience in Mexico reflects systemic challenges:
  • Attended primary school in an under-resourced area
  • Limited access to educational resources and technology
  • Experienced gaps in fundamental academic skills
  • Now adapting to U.S. educational system
Academic Interests and Strengths 
  1. Academic Interests
    • Strong interest in astronomy and space science
    • Connection to scientific concepts through personal interests
    • Demonstrates imagination and aspirational thinking
  2. Language Skills
    • Emerging oral English proficiency
    • Native Spanish speaker
    • Beginning to develop basic interpersonal communication
  3. Personal Qualities
    • Resilient in face of significant life changes
    • Maintains academic aspirations despite challenges
    • Shows curiosity about science and space
Language Proficiency: ​Maria's WIDA scores:
  • Reading: 1.0 (Entering)
  • Writing: 1.0 (Entering)
  • Speaking: 2.0 (Emerging)
  • Listening: 2.0 (Emerging)
These scores indicate stronger oral language skills compared to literacy skills, with particular needs in reading and writing development.
Educational Considerations for Teachers:
  1. Immediate Academic Needs
    • Intensive support in reading and writing (WIDA 1.0)
    • Build on stronger speaking/listening skills (WIDA 2.0)
    • Address potential gaps in primary education
    • Support transition to U.S. educational system
  2. Social-Emotional Support
    • Adjustment to new country and culture
    • Processing family changes
    • Building new peer relationships
    • Maintaining connection to home culture
  3. Cultural Considerations
    • Value Spanish language skills
    • Acknowledge cultural transition
    • Support family integration
    • Recognize strength in resilience
Teaching Strategies
  1. Language Development
    • Use visual aids and manipulatives
    • Provide bilingual resources when possible
    • Focus on building academic vocabulary
    • Scaffold reading and writing tasks extensively
    • Leverage stronger oral skills to support literacy development
  2. Content Area Support
    • Connect astronomy interests to science curriculum
    • Use space-related themes to engage in learning
    • Provide native language materials when possible
    • Build background knowledge systematically
    • Use hands-on and experiential learning approaches
  3. Social-Emotional Support
    • Create safe spaces for cultural expression
    • Foster connections with Spanish-speaking peers
    • Validate personal experiences and dreams
    • Build on existing family support system
Goals for Growth
Short-term objectives:
  • Develop basic literacy skills in English
  • Build academic vocabulary
  • Establish comfort in classroom routines
  • Create connections with peers
Long-term objectives:
  • Bridge educational gaps from previous schooling
  • Develop grade-level literacy skills
  • Support astronomy and science interests
  • Foster bilingual and bicultural identity
Family Partnership
Considerations for family engagement:
  • Communication in Spanish with mother and aunt
  • Recognition of family priorities and circumstances
  • Support for home-school connection
  • Inclusion of family knowledge and experiences
Recommendations for Success
  1. Academic Support
    • Pair with bilingual study buddy
    • Provide additional time for assignments
    • Use technology for language support
    • Create opportunities for hands-on learning
  2. Environmental Support
    • Establish predictable routines
    • Create welcoming classroom environment
    • Display bilingual labels and resources
    • Include space-related materials and imagery
  3. Assessment Considerations
    • Allow alternative forms of demonstration
    • Provide native language support
    • Use multiple measures of progress
    • Focus on growth over time
By understanding Maria Christina's background, educators can better support her academic success while nurturing her interests and dreams. Her passion for astronomy provides an excellent foundation for engaging her in STEM education while developing her English language skills.


email: [email protected]
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